2022届高考英语特殊句式(强调、替代、省略和倒装)
2.谓语动词的强调 it is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。 do sit down. 务必请坐。 he did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊! 注意:此种强调只用do/does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。 ii替代 1.do/does/did替代动词 if that's the case then 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 people would weigh as much as the whole earth does.(= weighs) difficulties strengthen the mind, as labour does(= strengthen) the body.劳动锻炼身体,困难锻炼意志。 a feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.(替代) 2.so和not分别代替肯定和否定的从句(常用动词:think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,be afraid,fear,hope.etc.) —is he coming? —i suppose so./so i suppose. 否定:i suppose not. iii.省略句 省略在英语运用中,尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在,因为它可以避免重复,突出关键词语,能做到言简意赅,并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略。 (一)词法上的省略 1.名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略 ①如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略。 these are john's books and those are mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书,那些是玛丽的书。 ②名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时,这些名词也常常省略。 at the doctor's 在诊所 at mr. green's 在格林先生家 to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理发店 2.冠词的省略 ①为了避免重复 the lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。(thunder前省略了定冠词the) ②在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。 she sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。 ③在某些独立主格结构中。 our teacher came in, book in hand. (=our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。 ④在as引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的单数名词提前时,不定冠词要省略。 child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子,却懂得很多。 3.介词的省略 ①both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。 both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。 she invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。 ②在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。 these shoes are worn out. they have lasted (for) a long time. 这双鞋穿破了,已经穿了很长一段时间了。 ③和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词,consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing...,